{"id":1034,"date":"2017-12-03T19:32:13","date_gmt":"2017-12-03T16:32:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/energy\/?p=1034"},"modified":"2017-12-03T19:32:13","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T16:32:13","slug":"un-tresor-retrouve-a-cluny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/un-tresor-retrouve-a-cluny\/","title":{"rendered":"Un tr\u00e9sor retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 Cluny"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\">La d\u00e9couverte de monnaies d\u2019or et d\u2019argent \u00e0 l&rsquo;Abbaye de Cluny illustre l&rsquo;histoire europ\u00e9enne dans la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XII<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">ne cornaline grav\u00e9e en intaille sertie dans une bague en or pour former un sceau constitue sans doute l&rsquo;objet le plus pr\u00e9cieux du tr\u00e9sor qui vient d&rsquo;\u00eatre d\u00e9couvert dans l&rsquo;abbaye de Cluny. Anne\u00a0Baud et Anne\u00a0Flammin, du Laboratoire Arch\u00e9ologie et arch\u00e9om\u00e9trie (CNRS\/universit\u00e9 Lyon 2 et Lyon 1) recherchaient \u00e0 la pelle m\u00e9canique les fondations de l\u2019ancienne infirmerie de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre abbaye de Sa\u00f4ne et Loire, lorsqu\u2019une \u00e9tudiante participant aux fouilles aper\u00e7ut une pi\u00e8ce d\u2019argent dans la terre.<!--more--> L\u2019alerte donn\u00e9e, une fouille prudente \u00e0 la main ramena au jour\u00a0plus de 2200 deniers et oboles d\u2019argent frapp\u00e9s par l\u2019abbaye au cours de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XII<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle. Ils furent enterr\u00e9s dans un sac de toile contenant un petit paquet de peau tann\u00e9e et nou\u00e9e prot\u00e9geant une feuille d\u2019or pli\u00e9e de 24 grammes, un petit objet circulaire en or, la bague sigillaire \u00e9voqu\u00e9e et 21 dinars en or frapp\u00e9s entre 1121 et 1131 en Espagne et au Maroc, donc au sein de l\u2019empire berb\u00e8re almoravide .<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ce tr\u00e9sor date manifestement de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XII<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, une p\u00e9riode pendant laquelle l\u2019abbaye est encore \u00e0 son apog\u00e9e, mais commence \u00e0 avoir des difficult\u00e9s financi\u00e8res, notamment suite \u00e0 la construction de Cluny III, une nouvelle \u00e9glise abbatiale, qui fut la plus grande d\u2019Occident.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Qui l&rsquo;a dissimul\u00e9 ? Dans la mesure o\u00f9 il contient des deniers d\u2019argent frapp\u00e9s \u00e0 Cluny, qui servaient aux achats communs, une possibilit\u00e9 serait qu\u2019il l\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 par le moine cell\u00e9rier, l\u2019administrateur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du monast\u00e8re. Ce haut responsable \u00e9tait en effet l&rsquo;un des rares \u00e0 pouvoir\u00a0rassembler facilement\u00a0les 2\u00a0200 deniers d\u2019argent. Importante pour un individu, cette somme \u00e9tait relativement modeste \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle d&rsquo;un monast\u00e8re de plus de 300 moines. Suivant les estimations du numismate Vincent Borrel, du Laboratoire Arch\u00e9ologie et Philologie d\u2019Orient et d\u2019Occident (AorOc , CNRS \/ENS de Lyon), elle ne couvrait en effet\u00a0 qu&rsquo;environ trois jours de consommation de vin et de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales. Les prochaines recherches devraient permettre de proposer d&rsquo;autres hypoth\u00e8ses sur l&rsquo;origine du tr\u00e9sor.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Quelle que soit l&rsquo;identit\u00e9 de la personne l&rsquo;ayant cach\u00e9, il semble qu\u2019elle y a adjoint une partie du cens en or que les rois de Castille avaient consenti \u00e0 l\u2019Abbaye de Cluny (300 pi\u00e8ces d&rsquo;or annuelles qui furent r\u00e9duites \u00e0 200 au milieu du XII<sup>e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle), sur laquelle ils s\u2019\u00e9taient appuy\u00e9s pour rechristianiser Tol\u00e8de et les terres andalouses d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconquises. \u00c0 moins que ces 21 dinars ne soient remont\u00e9s \u00e0 Cluny \u00e0 la faveur des \u00e9changes de ses prieur\u00e9s en Espagne avec les Andalous\u00a0?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Quoi qu\u2019il en soit, avec ses dinars almoravides, le tr\u00e9sor de Cluny illustre\u00a0bien la quasi absence d\u2019\u00e9mission mon\u00e9taire en or au Moyen-\u00c2ge en Occident chr\u00e9tien. 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href=\"https:\/\/www.energy-sciences.org\/sciences\/un-tresor-retrouve-a-cluny\/\" title=\"Un tr\u00e9sor retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 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